![]() ![]() In 2010, it passed Senate Bill 1070, which sought to make it so difficult for illegal immigrants to live in the state that they would return to their native country, a strategy referred to as “attrition by enforcement.” ![]() Īrizona has been one of the states at the forefront of immigration federalism. ![]() In 2005, twenty-five states had enacted a total of thirty-nine laws related to immigration by 2014, forty-three states and Washington, DC, had passed a total of 288 immigration-related laws and resolutions. Since the late 1990s, states have asserted a right to make immigration policy on the grounds that they are enforcing, not supplanting, the nation’s immigration laws, and they are exercising their jurisdictional authority by restricting illegal immigrants’ access to education, health care, and welfare benefits, areas that fall under the states’ responsibilities. Immigration federalism describes the gradual movement of states into the immigration policy domain. This understanding of exclusive responsibilities has changed today both levels of government play roles in these two policy areas. Before that, it was understood that the federal government handled immigration and states determined the legality of same-sex marriage. Immigration and marriage equality have not been the subject of much contention between states and the federal government until recent decades. Interest groups have used this strategy to promote their views on such issues as abortion, gun control, and the legal drinking age. Another aspect of modern federalism is that interest groups seeking to change the status quo can take a policy issue up to the federal government or down to the states if they feel it is to their advantage. One aspect of contemporary federalism is that some policy issues, such as immigration and the marital rights of gays and lesbians, have been redefined as the roles that states and the federal government play in them have changed. National security is a federal matter, the issuance of licenses is a state matter, and garbage collection is a local matter.
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